130名合同制护士工作倦怠感及其相关因素的调查研究

Survey and analysis on job burnout and correlated factors of 130 contract nurses

目的：分析合同制护士工作倦怠感的现状及其相关因素。方法：采用护士工作问卷、简易应对方式问卷、社会支持评定量表对130名合同制护士的工作倦怠感、应对方式和社会支持状况进行调查，并分析三者之间的相互关系。结果：合同制护士处于高度工作倦怠状态，其情感衰竭、去人性化维度高于Maslach常模，个人成就感维度低于Maslach常模（P均〈0．01）。合同制护士较多采用积极应对方式，主观支持水平较高，客观支持水平最低，其情感衰竭与消极应对呈正相关（r=0．414．P〈0．01），与客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度及社会支持总分均呈负相关（r分别为-0．241、-0．348、-0．296、0．396，P均〈0．01）；去人性化与消极应对呈正相关（r=0．246，P〈0．01），与积极应对、主观支持、支持利用度及支持总分呈负相关（r分别为-0．194、-0．273、-0．306、-0．324，P〈0．05～0．01）；个人成就感与积极应对、主观支持呈正相关（r分别为0．408、0．218，P〈0．05～0．01）。结论：护理管理者可通过增强合同护士的积极应对能力，改善其社会支持状况，降低合同制护士的工作倦怠感。

Objective： To analyze the status and correlated factors of job burnout in contract nurses. Methods： By using Nurses Job Questionnaire, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Social Support Scale, to survey the status of job burnout, coping style and social support of 130 contract nurses, and analyze their relationship. Results： Study result indicated that contract nurses were experiencing high level of job burnout, their emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were higher than Maslach norm, personal accomplishment was lower than the norm （all P 〈0.01） . Contract nurses were more often using positive coping style, their subjective support was higher but objective support was lower, the emotional exhaustion was positively correlated with negative coping style （r = 0. 414, P〈0.01）,and also negatively correlated with objective support, subjective support, support utility level and total score of social support （r =-0. 241, r =-0. 348, r =-0. 296, r =-0. 396 , respectively all P 〈0. 01） ; the depersonalization was positively correlated with negative coping style （r = 0. 246, P 〈0. 01）, negatively correlated with positive coping style, subjective support, support utility level and total score of social support （r =-0. 194, P 0.05, r =-0.273, r =-0.306, r =-0. 324, respectively all P 〈0.01）; the personal accomplishment was only positively correlated with positive coping style and subjective support （r = 0. 408, P 〈 0.01, r = 0. 218, P 〈0.05）. Conclusion： Nurses managers can lower the level of job burnout on contract nurses by enhancing their positive coping ability and improving their social support.