少数民族人口分布及其变动分析

Population Distribution and Its Changes of the Ethnic Minorities

本文基于2005年全国1%抽样调查数据,并结合历次人口普查资料,综合分析了我国少数民族人口分布及其变动趋势。一方面,我国少数民族人口分布的基本特点是在长期的历史过程中形成的,各民族人口的分布格局有着非凡的稳定性,即少数民族主要分布于西部内陆地区、居住相对集中、大多生活在农村。另一方面,随着经济社会的巨大发展,民族政策的变化,交通工具的日益发达,民族人口的再分布渐趋活跃。少数民族人口分布呈现向东部沿海地区扩散的态势,人口分布趋于分散,城市化进程加速。

Based on data from the 1% sampling survey in 2005 and the existing population censuses, this paper analyzes the population distribution and its changes of the ethnic minorities. On one hand, the distribution patterns of minorities are quite stable, and most of ethnic minorities are still mainly scattered over vast western inland dwelling in the rural areas. On the other hand, with the development of social economy since the open and reform in 1978, the distribution has been undergoing some obvious change. The distribution areas has been expanding to the Eastern coast, the ethnic minorities have been diffusing across the country and the urbanization process of the ethnic minorities has been speed up especially resent years.