GIS技术在决策气象服务系统建设中的应用

Application of Geographic Information System to Decision-making Meteorological Service System

该文介绍了基于组件式GIS技术的决策气象服务系统建设的总体框架,并阐述了系统的建设内容,主要包括电子地图建设、气象制图输出、实时与历史资料检索、灾情分析、台风预警与损失评估以及参数化制图等功能;同时对GIS应用于决策气象服务系统的若干关键技术问题进行了深入讨论与分析,如数据共享与转换、气象要素插值算法、空间信息检索方法、基于插件技术的模型评估方法、三维可视化技术;最后给出了相关结论,并指出该系统将为全国综合性决策服务系统提供一个良好的建设思路。

Based on the component GIS technology, a framework of decision-making meteorological service system is proposed, which is composed of three layers. The lower layer is the data layer where meteorological data, geospatial data and socioeconomic data are mainly stored, and fundamental data for upper layers are provided. The middle layer is a general core meteorological component developed by GIS components, which is composed of many basic functions and interfaces to support the upper application such as interpolation algorithm and spatial measurements. The upper layer is the service platform including specific features for products building and decision-making. This multi-tiers architecture has greatly enhanced the reusing, sharing and scalability of the application. Six features of the system are introduced in brief as follows： Electronic map querying, meteorological mapping, historical and real time data retrieval, damage statistics and analysis, typhoon warning and damage assessment, and customize mapping automatically. Five key issues of GIS applying to meteorological service system are addressed. Firstly, to make current meteorological data share with GIS community, conversion method of meteorological data to the GIS format are discussed, complying with GIS concept data model, such as shape and GRID format. Secondly, spatial interpolation algorithm is focused on, and the potential and limitations of existing GIS interpolation functionality for specialization of meteorological and climate data are studied, and then a recommendation algorithm for specific application is set up. Thirdly, the meteorological element retrieval based on spatial technology is discussed. The fourth key issue is that plug-in software technology is adopted to build an assessment model about typhoon disaster evaluation, which can easily be added to and removed from the system since the model is changed constantly. Last, a surface model is introduced to implement three-dimensional visu- alization of meteorological data. In conclusion, it is found that the meteorological mapping capability can be greatly strengthened by GIS, the visualization effect of services produces can be improved, and spatial retrieval of meteorological elements can be implemented, disaster weather can be analyzed deeply for auxiliary decisionmaking.