维生素B_(12)的生物合成、发酵生产与应用

Biosynthesis,Fermentation and Application of Vitamin B_(12)–a Review

维生素B12(VB12)是一种重要的动物和人类营养因子,广泛应用于饲料、食品和医药卫生领域。中国已成为全球VB12的主要产地,2007年产量为27t,占全球总产量的77%。VB12是目前已发现的最大、最复杂的维生素分子,化学合成极其困难,所有VB12产品均采用生物发酵制备其主体结构。VB12主要由古生菌和一些真细菌通过有氧或厌氧两种途径合成,工业上主要采用费式丙酸菌(Propionibacterium freudenrechii)和脱氮假单胞菌(Pseudomonas denitrificans)进行发酵生产。综述了VB12的基本性质,生物合成途径,以及发酵生产工艺,并对VB12的应用与市场前景作了分析。

Vitamin B12 is an important nutrient widely used in feed, food and medicine field. China is the primary producing area and the VB12 production is 27 t in 2007, 77% of total production in the world. VB12 is the most complex small molecule difficult to chemosynthesize. It ismanufactured by bacteria and archaea via two alternative routes, aerobic or anaerobic pathway. The main strains used in industry fermentation are Propionibacteriumfreudenrechii and Pseudomonas denitrificans. The basic characteristics, biosynthesis and fermentation of vitamin B12 are reviewed. The vitamin B12 application and market are also summarized.