“什么”的否定功用

The Function of the Negative Marker Shenme(什么)

来自疑问代词的"什么"在现代汉语口语中是一个非常普遍的否定手段,它用在谓语动词或者形容词之后表示否定,也可以用在名词或者引语之前表示否定。迄今为止还没有关于这种否定方式的系统调查分析。文章主要考察否定标记"什么"的使用情况,确立它的语法意义和使用条件,并探讨它的历史成因。文章认为"什么"的核心功能是对已经实现的状况的否定,与现代汉语其他否定标记之间存在着明确的分工。

The negative marker shenme （什么 ）is frequently used in spoken Chinese for negation. It can appear either after verbs or adjectives or before nouns or quoted words to negate them. However, the study of this phenomenon is scarce. This paper attempts to explore its semantic and syntactic properties as well as its historical motivation. It claims that the central function of shenme（什么） is to negate existent actions, qualities, things, etc. , thus distinguishes it from the other negative markers.