水文多尺度仿真在雨量站网密度研究中的应用

Application of hydrologic multi-scale simulation to research on density of rain-gauge network

从水文多尺度仿真的角度研究雨量站网密度问题,构建了水文多尺度仿真模型族和水文多尺度仿真系统。应用中国梅雨雨量站网实验区的雨量站资料,在水文多尺度仿真系统平台上,以抽站法和水文模拟法相结合,采用多水文模型族进行雨量站网密度研究。研究认为在流量相对误差和确定性系数两项指标都比较稳定的情况下,站网密度与水文模型、服务目标具有密切的关系。在湿润地区和时间尺度为日的条件下,分布式水文模型要求流域具有高密度的雨量站网布局,站网密度应在40 km2/站,集总式水文模型对站网密度要求较低,站网密度应在100 km2/站。研究认为水文多尺度仿真能够反映雨量站网密度的不同尺度的特征。

Based on hydrologic multi-scale simulation, the density of rain-gauge network is studied and then a set of hydrologic multi-scale simulation models and the hydrologic multi-scale simulation system are established, With the application of the data from rain-gauge stations in the experimental region of rain-gauge network for plum rains at home, the density of rain-gauge stations is studied with multi-hydrologic model set in combination of both the method of station sampling and the hydrologic imulation on the platform of hydrologic multi-scale simulation system. The study shows that the density of the network is closely related to the hydrologic model and the service target under the condition of the more stable indexes of both the relative flow error and the certainty, and then it is considered that the hydrologic multi-scale model can reflect various characteristics of the hydrologic scales for the density of the rain-gauge network.