儿童遗尿症1500例问卷及检查分析

The investigation and analysis of 1500 children with nocturnal enuresis

目的调查研究儿童遗尿症病因及特征。方法深圳市人民医院1999年10月至2006年10月通过对1500例遗尿症患儿的问卷调查及临床检查，对其遗尿特征、遗传状态、器质性病变以及学习成绩等进行分析。结果（1）男：女=854：646（1，3：1），5—7岁787例（52，5％）；〉7—10岁518例（34，5％）；〉10—14岁181例（12％）；〉14．18岁14例（1％）。（2）遗尿次数≥7次／周的患儿1022例，占68％。（3）发现有器质性病变781例（占53．3％），包括：隐性脊柱裂、包茎、下尿路感染、高钙尿症、肾结石、单纯性血尿、单肾不发育、癫痈等。（4）继发性遗尿症34例（2．2％）。（5）学习成绩中等及中下者1233例（82．2％）。（6）有遗尿家族史者435例（29％）。结论在深圳地区就诊的遗尿患儿中，近1／3的患儿合并有器质性病变，近1／3的患儿有遗尿家族史，绝大多数遗尿患儿学习成绩不理想，说明遗尿患儿需要早期的专科检查并治疗。

Objective To investigate and analyse the basic clinical data of children with nocturnal enuresis in large sample in Shenzhen aera. Methods A total of 1500 children with bedwetting（ at least 1 wet night per week） were asked to complete the enuresis questionnaires and receive physical examination, B-uhrosound, X ray of lumbar vertebrae and urine test. The details of bed wetting,the state of inheritance, some organic abnormalities and the children＇s learning in school should be understood and recorded. All the clinical data were compiled and analysed by a Statistical Package. Results Among the enuretic children,854 were boys and 646 were girls （ M： F = 1.3：1 ） ,and the most part of them were at the age of 5 - 10 （ 1305 in total,87% ）. There were also 1% （ 14 cases ） of children older than 15 who were still Wet. Of the 1500 children,1022 （ 68% ） were severe nocturnal enuresis with at least 7 wet days per week;781 cases of children with nocturnal enuresis lasting from the infantile were found to have some organic abnormalities, such as congenital occult bifid spine, phimosis,lower urinary tract infection, renal calculus, isolated hematuria and unilateral renal ogenesis ;34 cases out of 1500 （ 2. 2% ） were found to be second nocturnal enuresis;435（ 29% ） enuretic children had positive family history of NE. In this study, most children （ 82. 2% ） showed the middle and poor school performance. Conclusion Most enuretic children in Shenzhen area who come to the hospital for treatment are with severe type of NE, which might coexists with some organic abnormalities. NE should be treated carefully by parents and doctors as well. Early examinations and treatment should be performed in order to get the best states of living and learning.