2006年广州市水产品卫生学调查研究

Study and Surveillance on Hygienic Condition of Aquatic Products in Guangzhou in 2006

目的对广州市水产品进行监测与分析,了解当地水产品卫生状况。方法2006年3-11月,在广州市餐饮单位、肉菜综合市场和超级市场采集虾、蟹、鲜活鱼、贝壳、冰鲜类以及水发水产品等样品229份进行抗生素、重金属、农药、甲醛、肝吸虫、致病菌等项目的检测并依据相关标准进行卫生学评价。结果水产品土霉素和四环素两类抗生素残留超标率较高,96份监测样品土霉素总体合格率为57.3%,四环素总体合格率为80.2%,虾蟹类土霉素残留合格率仅为35.0%,1份虾蟹类样品检出违禁使用的氯霉素。3-4月抗生素残留检测合格率显著高于9-10月。59份水产品甲醛检测合格率为69.5%,部分样品甲醛含量超出标准几十倍。鲜活水产品肝吸虫囊蚴检出率为11.5%,副溶血性弧菌检出率为22.5%。结论抗生素残留超标率高与水产病害高发季节滥用抗生素有直接关系,水产品特别是水发水产品中添加甲醛问题突出,鲜活水产品肝吸虫、副溶血性弧菌较高的检出率提示生食水产品危险度高,应加强水产品养殖、销售、消费环节的卫生监管和指导,确保消费者卫生和健康安全。

Objective To monitor and analyze aquatic products in order to realize hygienic condition of aquatic products in Guangzhou city. Method 229 samples of aquatic products including shrimp, crab, fish, and shell were stochastically collected from 2 supermarkets, 10 fairs and 31 restaurants in Guangzhou city from March to November in 2006. Hygienics evaluation was made, based on the results of testing items including antibiotics, heavy metal, formaldehyde, clonorchis sinensis, vibrio parahaemolyticus, et al. Results The over-standard rates of residual contents of terramycin and acheomycin were higher. The total qualified rates of terramycin and acbeomycin in 96 samples were 57.3% and 80.2% , respectively, and only 35.0% of crustacean （shrimp ＆ crab） samples reached the normal level of terramycin. Chloramphenocol that was forbidden as veterinary drug in China was detected in one fresh crustacean sample. The qualified rates of antibiotics residue in March and April were more than those in September and October. Formaldehyde in 69.5% of 59 samples was up to the national standards, and the highest value of formaldehydes reached 852 mg/kg, far beyond the upper limit of standards. 11.5% clonorchis sinensis and 22,5% vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected in fresh aquatic products. Conclusion The high residue of antibiotics in aquatic products directly related to the misusing of antibiotics during high-incidence season for aquatic diseases. The results also revealed that formaldehyde was abusively used in aquatic products, especially in waterishlogged aquatic products. The detection rates of clonorchis sinensi; and vibrio parahaemolyticus were much higher, so it was indicated there was high risk to eat raw or underdone fish and shrimp, For health and safety of consumers, the hygienic inspection and guidance throughout the processes of breeding, sales and consumption of aquatic products shoved be enhanced.