语言论转向抑或语用学转向--翻译研究的语言学基础

The Linguistic Turn or the Pragmatic Turn——The Linguistic Foundation of Translation Studies

翻译是一种以语言为媒介的跨文化交往活动,语言问题在翻译研究中的重要地位是不言而喻的。言语行为论是西方语言哲学和语用学中的核心理论,它把语言带回到生活世界,使其研究更适用于翻译活动中语言使用的实际情况。它突出了语言的语用维度,很好地克服了结构主义译学范式语言观的封闭性与静止性。它还强调了语言使用的协调性规律,引入了交往伦理的问题,从而避免了解构主义译学研究范式语言观所带来的混乱与无序。因此,翻译研究理应将言语行为论作为其语言学基础。

Translation is an intercultural communication practice by means of language. Thus, the importance of language cannot be overemphasized in translation studies. The speech act theory, a core theory in the field of western philosophy of language and in pragmatics, brings language back to the lifeworld, making it better applicable to the translation practice. It not only lays strong emphasis on the pragmatic dimension of language and the regulative rules in language use, but also puts forward the issue of communication ethics. Therefore, it can successfully overcome the limitations of both the structuralist and the deconstructive view of language. Employing speech act theory as the linguistic foundation of translation studies will sure contribute to the development of this fledgling discipline.