膜荚黄芪氮磷钾优化施肥模式研究

Study on the optimization models of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application for Astragalus membranaceus production

采用氮、磷、钾三因素二次D-饱和最优设计,通过田间试验建立了氮、磷、钾的施肥量编码值与膜荚黄芪根产量、多糖含量的效应函数。结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥对膜荚黄芪根产量的增产作用大小依次为氮肥>钾肥>磷肥;氮、磷、钾肥对黄芪多糖含量的作用大小依次为钾肥>磷肥>氮肥,其中钾肥为负效应,氮肥、磷肥为正效应。寻优结果表明,膜荚黄芪目标产量在6000～7000 kg/hm^2之间,95%置信区间的优化施肥量为N 66.85～102.92 kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 64.64～94.95 kg/hm^2、K_2O 119.78～166.48kg/hm^2;膜荚黄芪多糖含量在13%～14%之间,95%置信区间的优化施肥量为N 66.85～102.92kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 64.64～94.95kg/hm^2、K_2O 119.78～166.48 kg/hm^2;膜荚黄芪高产优质高效栽培优化施肥量为N 99.52～102.92kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 94.20～94.95kg/hm^2、K_2O 119.78～166.48kg/hm^2,N、P_2O_5、K_2O的最佳比例为1:0.92～0.95:1.16～1.62。

The effect functions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application code on root yield and polysaccharide content of Astragalus membranaceus were established based on field experiment using three factor D-saturation optimal design. The results showed that the order of the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield improvement and polysaccharide was nitrogen 〉 potassium 〉 phosphorus and potassium 〉 phosphorus 〉 nitrogen, respectively. The effect of potassium on polysaccharide was negative, but the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus were positive. When the target yield was over 6000-7000 kg/ha, and confidence interval was 95%, the optimum fertilizer application rate was 66.85 - 102.92 kg/ha, 64.64-94.95 kg/ha, and 119.78-166.48 kg/ha for N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. When the polysaccharide content was over 13% - 14%, and confidence interval was 95%, the optimum fertilizer application rate was 66.85-102.92 kg/ha, 64.64-94.95 kg/ha, and 119.78-166.48 kg/ha for N, P2O5, and K2O, respectively. The optimum fertilizer application rate for high yield, efficiency and quality in Astragalus membranaceus production was 99.52 -102.92 kg/ha, 94.20-94.95 kg/ha, and 119.78-166.48 kg/ha for N, P205, and K2O, respectively. The optimum ratio of N：P2O5：K2O was 1：0.92-0.95：1.16- 1.62.