氮磷钾配施对洋葱产量和品质的影响

The effects of combined application of N、P and K on the yield and quality of onion

采用三因子二次饱和D-最优设计(310),研究了氮磷钾配施对洋葱产量和品质的影响,建立了以氮、磷、钾施用量为变量因子,洋葱产量及品质为目标函数的三元二次数学模型。通过对模型解析表明,氮、磷、钾肥对洋葱产量和品质均有显著影响,且均以磷肥的影响最大,氮肥次之,钾肥较小;当氮、磷、钾肥用量分别达430.7、449.5和1152.7kg/hm^2时,边际产量效应值降至0。氮磷、氮钾交互对洋葱的产量也有显著影响,其互作效应最显著的区域为N 240.0～720.0kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 250.0～500.0kg/hm^2、K_2O 600.0～1500.0kg/hm^2。本试验条件下,洋葱产量达75 t/hm^2、品质综合评分达90分以上的综合施肥方案为N 294.0～480.6kg/hm^2、P_2O_5 332.8～388.5kg/hm^2、K_2O 861.8～1119.8kg/hm^2,适宜的N、P_2O_5、K_2O施用比例约为1:0.93:2.56。

The effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield and quality parameters of onion （Allium cepa L. ） were studied with the design of three factors and quadratic saturation D-optimal regression （310）. According to the data obtained, a mathematical model was established, in which N, P and K were independent variables and onion yield and quality parameters were dependent variables. The model analysis showed that N, P and K significantly influenced onion yield and quality parameters, with P having the biggest effect followed by N and K. When N, P and K reached 430.7, 449.5 and 1152.7 kg/ha, the marginal yield was 0. The interactions of N, K and N, P for onion yield were significant, with the biggest interaction area being N at 240.0 - 720.0 kg/ha, P2O5 at 250.0 - 500.0 kg/ha and K20 at 600.0 - 1500.0 kg/ha. In this experiment, when the fertilizer rates were N at 294.0 - 480.6 kg/ha, P2O5 at 332.8 - 388.5 kg/ha and K2O at 861.8 - 1119.8 kg/ha, yield reached 75 t/ha and quality grade passed 90. The most suitable ratio of N：P2O5：K2O was 1：0.93：2.56.