中国钢铁行业的生态足迹

Ecological Footprint of China's Iron and Steel Industry

为分析我国钢铁行业资源效率和环境效率,尝试提出钢铁行业生态足迹的概念和研究方法,并对中国钢铁行业的生态足迹及其构成和变化进行了实证研究.研究结果表明:钢铁行业的万吨钢生态足迹呈下降趋势,但由于钢铁产量的迅猛增长,造成钢铁行业生态足迹大幅度增长.钢铁行业生态足迹的主体是能源间接占用地(占到钢铁行业生态占用的99%以上),降低钢铁行业生态足迹的关键是要进一步降低能耗及减少污染.近年来钢铁行业水足迹下降较快,该行业在节水和减少污水排放方面,取得了一定的成效.

China＇s iron ＆ steel industry is facing high energy/water consumption with highly increasing waste and heavy pollution. It has become one of the industries that form the most serious environmental pollution. The ecological footprint as research method is thus introduced into the problem to discuss the way of how to save resources and improve environmental efficiency. The results show that the ecological footprint per 10 000 t steel tends to decrease now, but the ecological footprint increases greatly at high speed because of the rapid growth of steel production. The key part of the ecological footprint in steel industry is the indirectly occupied land area by the energy consumed（amounted to over 99% of the whole iron ＆ steel industry）. So the key to reduce the ecological footprint of iron ＆ steel industry is to further reduce the energy consumption so as to reduce pollution. However, in recent years the water footprint was on fast decline in steel industry, reduced sewage emissions, and achieved certain results.