论先秦儒家的祭祀思想

The Study of Sacrifice-offering Thought of the Confucian School Before Qin Danasty

先秦儒家在古代的祭祀文化的语境下产生,自觉或不自觉地以传承和规范祭祀文化为已任。他们从修德配天、神人分治的宗教信仰出发,特别注重祭礼作为治人之道的社会作用,尤其是祭祀的政治文化整合功能和普遍的道德教化功能。同时,他们认为祭祀也具有文化传承功能和社会交往、集体团聚的功能。他们将祭礼的核心规范为"敬",从而将祭祀的根本目的从传统的禳灾祛病、求福避祸转换为培养人们的诚信忠敬意识,并且主张用情智统一的态度去祭祀已故亲人,构筑了具有中国特点的传统祭祀文化。

The Confucian ing culture, It takes the great school before Qin Danasty originates from the context of the ancient sacrifice - offerresponsibility of inheritance and regulation of the sacrifice - offering culture consciously or unconsciously. It begins with the religious beliefs such as matching the morality with God and respective administration of God and human. It emphasizes the importance of the sacrifice - offering as the social role of the people＇s administration especially its function of political culture integration and moral teaching. At the same time, sacrifice - offering is thought to be owned the effect of transmitting and unhesitating culture, social communication as well as reuniting collective. It puts the core thought of the sacrifice as ＂respect＂. In this way, its original purpose which is seeking for happiness and avoiding disasters or sickness, alters into developing sense of honesty, royal and respect. It argues that offering sacrifices of our ancestors forwards the attitude integrated by emotion and reason. That constitutes the traditional sacrifice -offering culture with Chinese characteristics.