中国现代思想中的知识论：朝向一种新的整体

Epistemology in Modern Chinese Thoughts:Toward a New Holism

在西方话语中占优势地位的自然主义知识论的主题乃是在很大程度上独立于理解主体的外部世界(或客观实在)。中国传统知识论可以被称作关系知识论,因为它们关涉的主题是关系。这不但适用于否定实体观念的整体主义知识论,而且还适用于许多倡导在理解主体与理解客体间作出严格区分的现代理论。在这一方面,对中西传统知识理论作一比较分析也许不失为一种解决关于人类理解的性质与对实在的认知的某些基本问题的有益方法。

The complementary relation between reality and comprehension, between the given and recognition, as manifested in the context of elaborating fimdamental epistemological paradigms, obliges us to address a number of additional problems in connection with specific aspects of traditional organization and disciplinary functions, the semantic structures of texts, and, above all, their implicit axiological systems. The subject of the naturalistic epistemologies that prevailed in Western discourses was the external world （or objective reality）, which was to a great extent independent from the subject of comprehension. Traditional Chinese theories of knowledge can be called relational epistemologies, because the subjects they refer to are relations. This applies not only to radical holistic epistemologies, which denied the notion of substance, but also to a number of contemporary theories which advocate a strict division between the subject and object of comprehension： In this respect, a costive analysis of traditional Chinese and Western epistemological theories might, despite the general problematic of such cultural comparisons, prove to be a useful tool for resolving certain elementary questions about the nature of human comprehension and recognition of reality.