微波提取温莪术挥发油及其成分分析

Microwave-Assistant Extraction and Composition Analysis of Essential Oil from Rhizoma Curcuma

研究了微波萃取技术提取温莪术挥发油的方法并分析了挥发油的成分及含量,对萃取功率、萃取时间和投料比进行了单因素考察,根据考察结果选择粉碎度、萃取时间和萃取功率进行正交实验设计,确定出微波萃取挥发油的最佳工艺条件,以出油率为指标与水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界CO2萃取法进行比较,并且用气质联用(GC-MS)分析比较挥发油的成分和含量。结果表明,微波萃取法的最佳工艺为小于38μm的莪术细粉加8倍量石油醚在700W的功率下萃取550s,其出油率为4.70%,挥发油中含姜黄醇、大根香叶酮和β-榄香烯,含量分别为0.82%、3.80%和1.94%。该方法提取速率快,出油率高,有效成分含量也较高,且挥发油质量较好,是较为理想的一种提取方法。

In order to study the factors affecting the yield of essential oil extracted from Rhizoma Curcuma by using microwave-assistant extraction（MAE） technology,the single factor experiments were conducted,in which,the effects of microwave power,extraction time and used solvent amount on the extraction were studied separately.According to the results of above experiments,then the particle size,extraction time and microwave power used were selected as the factors for the orthogonal experiments to find out the optimum operating conditions for the MAE of essential oil extracted from Rhizoma Curcuma.The results of orthogonal experiments show that the optimum operating conditions found are as follows：the extracted particle size used is 38 μm,the added amount of solvent,petroleum ether,is eightfold amount of the extracted Rhizoma Curcuma powder,the microwave power used is 700 W and the extraction time is 550 s.Using the mentioned optimum conditions,the essential oil yield reaches 4.7%,and according to the analyses of gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry（GC-MS）,its contents of Curecumol,Germarcrone and β-elemene are 0.82%,3.80% and 1.94%,respectively.Moreover,taking the essential oil yield as the target,the MAE method was compared with the water-steam distillation（SD） method and supercritical CO2 extraction（SFE） method.The results show that the MAE is high in extracting rate,oil yield and content of active constituents,also essential oil quality is good.Thus it may be considered as an ideal means for extracting essential oil from Rhizoma Curcuma .