莱芜市消灭脊髓灰质炎研究

Study on Polio Eradication in Laiwu City

[目的]对莱芜市消灭脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)工作进行回顾分析,为无脊灰证实提供依据,并为其他疾病控制提供借鉴。[方法]采取回顾性分析方法,对该市历年脊灰疫情、急性迟缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测、脊灰减毒活疫苗(OPV)免疫活动、免疫监测等资料利用EPI2000及Excel2000进行分析。[结果]莱芜市1957～1989年脊灰年均报告发病率为1.54/10万,1966年发病率最高,达22.72/10万。随着OPV的广泛应用,脊灰年均发病率由OPV使用初期(1961～1972年)的3.02/10万下降至计划免疫时期(1986～1990年)的0.02/10万,1989年后无病例发生。[结论]莱芜市已彻底阻断了脊灰野病毒的循环,达到无脊灰的目标;免疫策略应作调整,以控制疫苗衍生病例的发生。

[Objective]Retrospective analysis of polio eradication was conducted, provide evidence for polio-free so as to offer reference for the control of other diseases. [Methods]EPI 2000 and Excel 2000 were utilized to assay the data of polio epidemic,AFP surveillance and the coverage of OPV. [Results] The annual mean incidence of poliomyelitis was 1.54/ 100000 from 1957 to 1989 in Laiwu and the highest incidence reached up to 22.72/100 000 in 1966. With the delivering of OPV ,the annual mean incidence decreased to 0.02/100 000 during EPI period （1986-1990） , it was 3.02/100 000 during early stage （1961-1972）, and there was no case report in Laiwu from 1989. [Conclusion]The cycling of wild polio virus in this area were completely blocked since 1989, and the goal of polio eradication had been reached; The immunization strategies should be adjusted.