农村妇女生殖道感染防治健康教育方式探讨

Exploration of health education model for rural women of childbearing age with reproductive tract infections

目的了解临清市农村妇女目前生殖道感染防治知识知晓状况,探讨对农村妇女开展预防生殖道感染教育的方式。方法对临清市2个乡镇育龄妇女进行生殖道感染防治教育,一个乡镇为宣传组,另一个乡镇为宣讲组,实施两种健康教育方式前后分别对育龄妇女进行问卷及患病率调查。结果不同教育方式效果在干预后两组总知识得分值比较差异显著(t=18.313,P<0.01);在阴道冲洗、患病治疗时自行停药、遵医嘱复诊方面,宣传组干预前后无明显变化,而宣讲组的阴道冲洗、无症状自行停药比例由干预前的17.31%、48.35%下降到8.96%、23.70%,遵医嘱复诊率则由33.79%上升到60.98%(2χ分别为10.762和46.600,52.646,均P<0.01);干预后宣讲组细菌性阴道病、外阴阴道念珠菌病患病率均低于干预前(2χ分别为7.231和4.456,均P<0.05)。农村育龄妇女生殖道感染相关知识缺乏,经过健康教育后生殖道感染相关知识明显提高,生殖道感染患病率降低。结论采取发放宣传材料,组织专门讲座可有效提高农村妇女生殖道感染防治知识水平,降低生殖道感染患病率。

Objective To investigate informed situation of related knowledge of women of childbearing age in rural areas for prevention and treatment of reproductive tract infections （RTIs）, and to explore the most suitable model of health education for RTIs control and prevention. Methods Women of childbearing age in 2 towns of Linqing city, Shandong province were selected to receive two instructional models （ the women in one town in the propaganda group and the women in another town in lecture group）, The questionnaire investigation and prevalence survey for RTIs were conducted in the women before and after health education. Results In total score in related knowledge about RTIs among rural women of childbearing age, there was significant difference between the two health education groups （t = 18.313, P 〈0.01 ）. In aspects of vaginal douching, stopping administration of the drugs without doctor＇s order, and compliance with doctor＇s advice to visit again, there were no significant changes before and after intervention. While, the proportions of vaginal douching and stopping drug-taking in the lecture group dropped from 17.31% , 48.35% to 8.96% and 23.70% , respectively, and the rate of compliance with doctor＇ s advice to visit again of the women of childbearing age in the lecture group rose from 33.79% to 60.98% , there were significant differences （X^2= 10.762, 46.600, 52.646, respectively, all P 〈 0.01 ）. The incidences of bacterial vaginitis and vulvovaginal candidiasis in the lecture group after lecture were also lower than those before lecture （X^2= 7.231,4.456 ,respectively, both P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The women of childbearing age in rural areas lack the related knowledge of RTIs and their level of the related knowledge of RTIs can be improved greatly by health education and their morbidities of RTIs can be reduced. Supplying propaganda materials and organizing a special lecture can effectively improve the level of women of childbearing age of the related knowledge about RTIs. Thereby the incidences of common reproductive tract infectious diseases can be reduced.