从彼此颉颃抗衡到相互借鉴发展——对工具论与本质论的评价及二者对中国美术教育发展的现实意义

From conflicts to the syncretism of instrumental and natural schools

自上世纪以来,艺术教育的冲突一直表现为工具论和本质论两大派别之间的冲突。工具论强调美术教育的教育价值,通过美术创作促进儿童健全发展;重视创作过程,忽视创作效果;主张顺应儿童自然本性发展。本质论强调科目中心,主张以严谨的美术课程,实现美术的自身价值,美术能力不是自然发展的结果,而是学习和教育的结果。在新时期,本质论与工具论的互相通融借鉴会更好地促进美术教育的良性发展。

The art education has witnessed the conflicts of the instrumental and natural schools since the last century. The instrumental hypothesis stresses on the educational value of the art education, and adaptation to the intrinsic nature of the children. The natural school, however, advocates a series of disciplines of art so that learners get improved by learning. The writer of the paper argues for the syncretism of both schools.