内嵌金属富勒烯的笼外化学修饰

Exohedral Functionalization of Endohedral Metallofullerenes

内嵌金属富勒烯以其独特的结构和新奇的性质吸引了众多科学家的目光,对它们进行笼外化学修饰是最近十几年来新兴的研究热点,这对于考察内嵌金属富勒烯的结构及化学物理性质并拓宽其应用范围具有重要意义。本文将内嵌金属富勒烯与各种底物的不同作用分类,以反应类型为线索,详细概括了已发表的内嵌金属富勒烯的各种笼外化学反应,包括各种环化反应、内嵌金属富勒烯与杯芳烃及冠醚的自组装、单键相连的衍生物、水溶性衍生物以及用内嵌金属富勒烯填充碳纳米管等。在对各种化学反应阐述的同时,对内嵌金属富勒烯的可能应用也进行了总结,并提出了自己的看法。

Owning to their unique structures and novel properties, endohedral metallofullerenes, i.e. fullerenes with metallic species inside the hollow cage, have attracted much attention of chemists, physicists and even biologists. With the rapid improvement of metallofullerenes chemistry, exohedral functionalization is proven to be essential to determine the structure and property of metallofullerenes and to broaden their applications in various fields. Based on the classification of interaction and chemical reaction by nature, the development of exohedral functionalization of metallofullerenes in recent years is comprehensively reviewed, including cycloaddition reaction, self-assembly with crown ethers, singly bonded derivatives, water-soluble derivatives and filling of single-walled carbon nanotubes, etc. The potential applications of endohedral metallofullerenes are also remarked, and the future prospects for exohedral functionalization of metallofnllerenes are presented.