基于电解技术的可移动式铀钚污染金属部件去污方法研究

A study of removable decontamination technology of U/Pu contamination metal assembly based on electrolysis

为了实现铀钚污染金属设备的深度去污，利用电解去污技术，通过实验室模拟试验，获取了适用的电解工艺参数、电解竣成分和吸附阻滞材料，以钚做实验得到其平均去污效率为99．8％。自主设计加工了可移动式电解去污工程试验装置，并根据模拟试验得到的工艺参数，通过实验室冷去污试验和现场验证试验，对装置的去污性能、操作性能和安全性能进行了考核。结果表明：可移动式电解去污装置的运行良好，去污操作简便、安全，通过1～2次去污，可将初始污染程度为2～8cpm／cm2的铀钚污染导电设备去污至本底水平0．04～0．08cpm／cm2，废物产生量少，易于处理，可以满足较平整铀钚污染导电材料（如金属手套箱等）深度去污的要求。

A removable electrolytic decontamination device has been developed and successfully demonstrated. Decontamination experiments were performed on the electrochemical decontamination of stainless steel in sodium nitrate solutions at varying current, pH, adsorption materials and nitrate concentration. Experiment results are reported. Decontamination experiments in site on removal of U, Pu from conductive materials surface show great decreases of the surface radioactive pollution, that is, the initially pollution level ranged from 2 to 8 cpm/cm2 is down to below 0.04 to 0.08 cpm/ cm2 , the decontamination ratio is up to nearly 100% for U/Pu contamination surface. The security of this equipment is also demonstrated.