浅析哈萨克族习惯法的变迁

On the Evolution of Kazakh Custom

哈萨克族习惯法来自于哈萨克族世代相传的习惯准则,主要是封建主的意愿、可汗的命令和汗的命令之下的毕的意见,还有审判实践以及毕的会议所通过的各种规章。7世纪末8世纪初,伊斯兰教开始在中亚传播,哈萨克族习惯法也受到了伊斯兰教的影响,但真正开始变迁是在17世纪末至18世纪初哈萨克汗国的头克汗统治时期,主要体现在《头克汗法典》中。随着沙皇俄国的入侵,哈萨克族习惯法受到了再一次的冲击,沙俄统治者为了进一步加快俄化进程,对哈萨克族传统的司法体制进行了改革。

Kazakh custom originates from Kazakh customs passing down from generation to generation. It expresses the feudal lords＇ wills, the Han＇s orders and the Bi＇s suggestions and also includes judicial practices and kinds of regulations made on the Bi＇s meeting. In the late seventh century, with the Arab＇s invasion of central Asia, Islam began to spread around central Asia. Its influence had also affects Kazakh custom with no exception, but the real evolution of Kazakh customary law was from the late seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century under Touke Han＇s rule, mainly reflected in the ＂Touke Code＂. And then, the invasion of Ttsar had made a great impact on Kazakh customary law. In order to speed up its colonial proceedings, the rulers of Ttsar made some changes of Kazakh traditional judicial system. This paper mainly deals with the traditional Kazakh judicial system under Tsar colonial rule by introducing the evolution of Kazakh traditional Bi＇s judicial system.