西方大学学术自由探源:对古希腊罗马时代的历史解读

The Originality of Western University Academic Freedom:Historical Understanding of Ancient Greece and Rome

西方大学学术自由思想的源头可以追溯到古希腊罗马时期。在古希腊,学术文化的兴旺发达与哲人们享有广泛而充分的学术自由休戚相关。对爱智慧的希腊人而言,学术自由是不证自明的,学术自由的思想和精神不仅在他们的言论和著述中得到深刻阐释,而且通过他们自由地学习、阐发和传播哲学思想表现于外。尽管对哲学不感兴趣,但罗马人以宽容的心态面对原希腊世界学术自由的精神和传统,并以消极不作为的方式保存着学术自由的火种,这种局面和状态直到罗马后期基督教被定为国教始有所改变。

The root of university academic freedom in the west dates back to ancient Greece and Rome.There was close connection between the blossom of academy and the abundant academic freedom which the philosophers owned in ancient Greece.In the eyes of Greeks who loved wisdom,academic freedom was axiomatic.They elaborated the thought and spirit of academic freedom in their sayings and books,furthermore exhibited outer through the study,expatiation and diffusion of the philosophic idea.Although the Romans were not interested in philosophy,they were tolerant to the spirit and tradition of academic freedom in the older Grecian world,and held the kindling of academic freedom in the passive way.This situation was not altered until the Christianism was made state religion in the late epoch of Rome.