再生水灌溉技术研究现状与展望

Review and perspectives of research status on reclaimed wastewater irrigation technologies

再生水灌溉利用是世界范围内缓解农业水资源短缺的重要途径,该文分析了国内外再生水利用研究现状与问题,提出了今后重点研究方向。再生水灌溉对土壤-植物系统影响的研究主要集中对农产品产量、品质的影响以及对土壤物理性质、盐分、重金属、养分形态与利用率、生态毒性的影响方面;再生水灌溉对地下水的影响研究主要集中在土壤-地下水系统盐分、重金属、氮磷形态与含量及迁移转化规律方面;再生水安全灌水技术、不同灌水技术下污染物迁移转化规律、灌区优化调度模式等成为研究热点之一。国外发达国家建立了比较完善的再生水安全灌溉的标准、规范体系。今后,应重点研究建立适合中国国情和区域特点的再生水适宜灌溉的作物分类目录、再生水安全灌溉区划方法、再生水安全灌水模式、再生水灌溉风险评价方法与标准及规范体系。

Reclaimed wastewater irrigation （RWI） is one of the most important measures to deal with water shortage in the world. The present research status and problems of RWI in the domestic and foreign countries are analyzed and the future major research goal is offered in this paper. The effect of RWI on the soil-plant continuum concentrates on the crop quality, crop quantity, soil properties, heavy metals, salt, nutrients composition and utilization coefficient, ecological toxicity, etc. The research of RWI on groundwater focuses on salts, heavy metals, phosphorus, nitrogen composition and pollutants transport, and so on. There are many reports about the optimum distribution of water resources in the irrigation districts, safe irrigation technologies, pollutants transform and migration under different irrigation systems. Many guidelines on RWI have been drawn out in developed countries. Based on the situation of China, further researches, such as the feasible crop classification, feasible irrigation area allocation, the safe irrigation system, environmental and healthy risk evaluation, should be done in the future, Guideline and criterions about RWI should be established.