松嫩草原中度退化草地不同植被恢复方式下土壤跳虫群落特征比较

Comparisons among soil collembola community characteristics in relation to different vegetation restoration treatments in the moderate degraded grasslands in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China

依据2005年5-10月在松嫩草原中度退化草地不同植被恢复处理条件下采集的土壤跳虫群落数据,应用类群数、个体密度和多样性指数等多个群落参数,研究了不同植被恢复方式下松嫩草原中度退化草地土壤跳虫群落特征的差异。本研究共捕获跳虫1156只,隶属于9科19属。结果显示:与过度放牧相比,围栏封育和种植苜蓿都能改善土壤理化性质,且拥有较高的跳虫类群数、个体密度和群落多样性。围栏封育和种植苜蓿都能达到恢复与重建中度退化草地土壤跳虫群落的目的,只是与围栏封育相比,种植苜蓿能够更显著地提高跳虫个体密度。此外,与过度放牧相比,围栏封育和种植苜蓿主要提高了跳虫群落等节跳虫科(Isotomidae)、长角跳虫科(Entomobryidae)和圆跳虫科(Sminthuridae)个体密度和类群数,其中围栏封育样地拥有更高的长角跳虫科和圆跳虫科个体密度,其分别是过度放牧样地相应跳虫科的5.14倍和2.38倍;而种植苜蓿样地等节跳虫科个体密度最大,其大小是过度放牧样地等节跳虫科的3.33倍。

This study aimed to analyze the differences of soil collembola community characteristics under different vegetation reclamation treatments in the moderate degraded grasslands in the Songnen Plain of Northeast China. Based on the data of soil collembola collected in the Songnen grasslands of different treatments from May to October in 2005, the community parameters such as group number, individual density, and diversity index were calculated. The results showed that a total of 1 156 soil collembola individuals were captured, which fell into 9 families and 19 genera. In contrast to over grazing, both fencing enclosure and planting alfalfa could improve soil properties and substantially increase group number, individual density, and diversity of soil collembola in the moderate degraded grasslands. This suggests that fencing enclosure and planting alfalfa were helpful to restore the soil environment and ameliorate collembola community. However, the individual density of collembolans in planting alfalfa treatment was significantly higher than that of fence enclosure treatment. Further information came from the comparison of collembola taxa that Isotomidae, Entomobryidae and Sminthuridae were significantly restored after reclamation. Comparing collembola taxa in fencing enclosure vs. planting alfalfa treatments, we found that fencing enclosure maybe more favorably restored Entomobryidae and Sminthuridae, and planting alfalfa perhaps more successfully reclaimed Isotomidae. At sites of the fencing enclosure treatment, the individual density of Entomobryidae reached a level of 5.14 times that of over grazing treatment, and the individual density of Sminthuridae reached 2.38 times that of over grazing treatment. At sites of the planting alfalfa treatment, the individual density of Isotomidae reached 3.33 times of over grazing treatment.