大黄蒽醌提取物对罗氏沼虾抗鳗弧菌感染的研究

Influence of anthraquinones extracted from Rheum officinale Bail promoting Macrobrachium rosenbergii's resistance to Vibrio anguillarum

将罗氏沼虾随机分成5组,每组三个平行,每个平行约1000尾(个体均重1g左右),第1组为对照组,投喂基础日粮,另外4组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%大黄蒽醌提取物,饲养6周后对罗氏沼虾进行鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)感染。测定生长以及0、12、24、48h血清和肝胰腺溶菌酶、丙二醛(MDA)、总抗氧化能(T-AOC)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等指标。生长试验表明,与对照组相比,0.1%组、0.4%组罗氏沼虾的增重率、特定生长率显著提高,饵料系数显著降低。攻毒试验Ⅰ表明,各组48h内罗氏沼虾血清溶菌酶活性、肝胰腺溶菌酶含量、血清T-AOC均呈先升高后降低趋势,其中它们的最大值分别出现于0.4%组的12h、0.2%组24h、0.1%组12h;肝胰腺SOD活力呈上升趋势,而血清MDA则一直下降。攻毒试验Ⅱ表明,大黄蒽醌提取物能有效地降低试验组罗氏沼虾的死亡率,提高免疫保护率,其中0.4%组的保护效果为最佳。因此,在饲料中添加大黄蒽醌提取物降低罗氏沼虾对病原的敏感性,增强机体抗病力,促进生长。

In aquaculture Chinese herbal medicines could promote specific and nonspecific immune functions of fish to control fish diseases. In mammal, Chinese herbs could promote antioxidant enzymes activity and hepatic lipid peroxide contents, alleviate free radical and reduce the lipid peroxidation injury. However the effect of anthraquinones extracted from Rheum officinale Bail on fish immunity has hardly been found in research reports and few reports have been found to study the immune and antioxide effects of anthraquinones extract gave Macrobrachium rosenbergii certain protection against Vibrio anguillarum. In view of this, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were allotted into five groups randomly. The control group were fed with basal diet, the others were the treated groups fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.20%, 0.4% anthraquinones extracts for 8 weeks, respectively. At the end of feeding period, M. rosenbergii of each group were infected with V. anguillarum. The growth index and lysozyme, maleic dialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, total antioxidative capacity （T-AOC） were determined. The results of growth test showed that, compared with the control, 0.1% and 0.4% dose group elevated weight gain rates, specific growth rates and decreased feed conversion rates significantly. Results of Infected test I showed that, serum lysozyme activity, hepatopancreas lysozyme levels and serum T - AOC held a trend mounted up initially but down followed, the maximal value appeared at 12 h of 0.4% dose group, 24 h of 0.2% dose group and 12 h of 0.1% dose group respectively. Hepatopancreas SOD activities were a trend of increase while serum MDA contents were a trend of decrease all groups. However the treated groups were relatively higher in serum and hepatopancreas lysozymes activities, serum T- AOC levels and hepatopancreas SOD activities, and the control was the higher in serum MDA content. Results of Infected test 11 showed that, The artificial infection with V. anguillarum caused mortality in all groups, but the mortality of the control was the highest and the mortality of 0.4% dose was the lowest. The anthraquinones extracts elevated the protective rate of M. rosenbergii infected with V. anguillarum. In conclusion, the anthraquinones extracts could help to promote growth, disease resistance and depress the susceptivity of M. rosenbergii effectively.