胶原生物衍生骨材料植入桡骨临界骨缺损的成骨能力

Osteogenesis of collagen loaded bio-derived bone in repair of radial critical defect

背景:各种基质材料单独应用时成骨能力有限,为增强材料的成骨能力,应用复合材料修复骨缺损是组织工程的发展方向。目的:探讨胶原生物衍生骨复合材料植入动物体内的成骨能力。设计、时间及地点:随机分组动物对照实验,于2004-01/04在四川大学华西医学中心组织工程实验室完成。材料:新西兰大白兔16只,制备兔桡骨中段1.5cm骨缺损模型。患者自愿捐献手术截除人体骨,Ⅰ型胶原为美国Sigma公司产品。方法:按随机数字表法将模型兔分为2组,实验组和对照组,每组8只。手术截除人体骨经脱脂、脱细胞和脱蛋白后制备为单纯生物衍生骨支架。胶原真空吸附在单纯生物衍生骨支架内外制备胶原生物衍生骨材料。实验组兔桡骨缺损部位植入胶原生物衍生骨,对照组植入单纯生物衍生骨。主要观察指标:术后6,12周X射线观察和组织学检测缺损部位的成骨情况。结果:模型兔16只均进入结果分析。①X射线结果显示,术后12周实验组整个缺损区均可见到骨痂生成,成骨现象较术后6周更加明显,已明显形成骨缺损区的桥接。对照组仍仅在缺损两端有骨痂生成,缺损区中央部分无明显骨生成影像。②组织学结果表明,术后6周实验组在材料内部孔隙区可见到新生的类骨质形成,对照组缺损区没有骨组织形成,在支架材料的孔隙内有大量的纤维结缔组织充填;术后12周实验组可见大量的编织骨样组织,形成小梁样结构,对照组缺损区可见有骨样组织形成。结论:单纯生物衍生骨与胶原生物衍生骨材料均可促进骨再生,但胶原生物衍生骨材料成骨效果更好。

BACKGROUND： Each matrix material alone possesses the limited ability of osteogenesis, so it is a future direction of tissue engineering that apply composite materials on the repair of bone defect by enhancing osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE： To study the osteogenesis ability of collagen loaded bio-derived bone implanted in animals. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A random controlled animal experiment was completed in Tissue Engineering Laboratory of West China Center of Medical Sciences, Sichuan University between January and April in 2004. MATERIALS： Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were adopted to prepare 1.5-cm segmental defect model at the middle part of radius. Human bone was extirpated from donators, and collagen I was the product of Sigma Company. METHODS： Rabbit models were divided into 2 groups by randomization, experimental group and control group, with 8 rabbits in each group. The extirpated bone was made into pure bio-derived bone by means of defatting, decellularization and deproteinization. Collagen loaded bio-derived bone was established by the vacuum absorption of collagen on pure bio-derived bone. Collagen loaded bio-derived bone was implanted into the defects of experimental group, while pure bio-derived bone for the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： At 6 and 12 weeks after operation, all specimens were examined by X-ray and histological methods. RESULTS： The result analysis included all of 16 rabbit models. X-ray results showed that, osteotylus was seen in the whole defect area of experimental group at 12 weeks postoperatively, at this time osteogenesis was more obvious compared with 6 weeks, the bridge grafting of defect area was obviously visible. In the control group, osteotylus was only observed on two ends of the defects, no osteogenesis was found in the central part of defect area. Histological results showed that, new osteoid formation could be seen in internal porous zone of the experimental group at 6 weeks postoperatively, while in control group fibrous connective tissue filled internal porous zone and no new bone formed; at 12 weeks, much more woven bone-like tissues were visible and trabecular-like structure had formed in the experimental group, while osteoid tissue could be seen in bone defect area of control group. CONCLUSION： Both pure bio-derived bone and collagen bio-derived bone can enhance osteanagenesis, but collagen loaded bio-derived bone scaffold material is more effective.