云南省支气管哮喘流行病学调查

The Epidemiological Investigation of Bronchial Asthmain in Yunnan

目的调查云南省城市和农村人群哮喘现患病率以及5个人口较大民族患病率,评估哮喘患病的危险因素、诊治现状,为哮喘人群防治提供依据.方法以分层整群不等比随机抽样对照方法调查89525人,依据病史、体征、肺功能检查确诊哮喘患者.单因素分析用于评价哮喘的危险因素.结果全省现患病率为0.92%,男、女比为1.86;城市地区患病率(0.99%)高于农村(0.85%),P<0.05;21.4%的哮喘患者有家族史,25.4%有过敏史,过敏性鼻炎(12.6%)OR值为6.18(P<0.01);感冒、接触冷空气、吸入刺激性气体、接触油烟为前4位诱因,29.6%的哮喘患者合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD);哮喘患者中由本次调查首次确诊者为51.6%.结论通过这次调查了解了云南省哮喘病的流行情况,为今后支气管哮喘的群防治疗及相关研究提供了依据.

Objective To investigate the incidence of human bronchial asthma in urban and rural areas of Yunnan province and that of five large nationalities, and evaluate risk factors of the disease and the present situation of diagnosis and treatment in order to provide the evidence of prevention and cure for the patients suffering bronchial asthma. Methods 89 525 were investigated by random sampling comparison method of unequal ratio in whole demixing and a definite diagnosis was made according to the medical records, physical signs and the detection of pulmonary function. The analysis of single factor were used to evaluate the risk factors of bronchial asthma. Results The morbidity of bronchial asthma was 0.92% in the whole province and the ratio of males and females was 1.86. The morbidity of urban areas was higher than that of rural areas, and the morbidity of urbanareas （0.99%） was higher than that of rural areas （0.85%）,P 〈 0.05. There were factors related with family medical history for 21.4% patients suffering bronchial asthma and with allergic medical history for 25.4% patients. The OR value of allergic rhinitis was 6.18 （P 〈 0.01）. Catching cold, contacting cool atmosphere, inhaling stimulating gases and touching lampblack were the four factors ranking frontally. 26.5% of the disease combines with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. The ratio of bronchial asthma patients who had been given a primary definite diagnosis was 51.6% by this investigation. Conclusions According to this investigation, We have known the epidemiological situation of bronchial asthma in Yunnan province. The data of the investigation could provide the basic evidence for the public in fields of prevention and treatment.