安徽鹞落坪国家自然保护区植物的花粉形态与其生态因子

STUDY ON POLLEN MORPHOLOGY AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS IN THE REGION OF YAOLUOPING MOUNTAINS,ANHUI

应用光学显微镜对安徽省鹞落坪国家级自然保护区7月份开花的25科41属47种1变种植物的花粉形态进行了观察和研究。结果表明花粉粒扁球形至超长球形,P/E值最大的为安徽贝母(Fritillaria anhuiensis S.C.Chen et S.F.Yin),大小为1.71(1.28—2.30)μm,最小的为粉花绣线菊(Spiraea japonica L.),大小为0.83(0.58—0.97)μm;花粉最大的为萱草[Hemerocallis fulva(L.)L.],大小为93.8(85.0—100.0)×61.1(51.3—70.0)μm;最小的为草绣球[Cardiandra moellendorffii(Hance)Migo],大小为11.1(9.5—12.5)×8.8(7.5—10.0)μm。萌发孔主要有单沟(8.3%)、3—4沟(18.8%)、多沟(8.3%)、3—4孔沟(58.3%)、散孔(4.2%)、无萌发孔(2.1%)等类型。外壁纹饰主要有刺状(12.5%)、细网状(33.3%)、粗网状(16.7%)、颗粒状(25.0%)及无明显纹饰(12.5%)等类型。同时研究了其生态因子,包括地理位置、海拔高度、年降水量、年积温及生境等,特别提供了7月份的气候因子,得出这些花粉分布区的主要生态因子,为利用地层中相应化石花粉重建大别山地区古植被、古环境及气候变迁提供了现代孢粉学资料和依据,也为这些植物的现代地理分布提供了科学依据。

Pollen morphology of 47 species and one variety from the Yaoluoping Mountains are described and illustrated under light microscope （LM）. The results show that the pollen grains are depressed globose to ultralong globular in shape（P/E= 0.83 - 1.71 ）. The maximum pollen grain is Hemerocallis fulva （ L. ） L. , 93.8 （85.0 - 100.0） × 61.1（51.3-70, 0）μm. and the minimum pollen grain is Cardiandra moellendorffii （Hance） Migo, 11. 1 （9.5 12.5）×8. 8（7, 510. 0）μm. The aperture of pollen grains include 1 colpate （8.3%）, 34 colpate（18. 8%）, polyplicate（8.3 % ）, 34 colporate（ 58.3% ）, pantocolpate（4.2 % ） and inaperturate（ 2. 1 % ）. The ornamentation of exine is spinulose （ 12. 5 % ）, finely reticulate （ 33. 3 % ）, coarsely reticulate （ 16. 7 % ）, granulate （ 25. 0 % ）, etc. After comparing these pollen species assemblages and geographical distribution with local altitude, annual precipitation, annual accumulated temperature, especially the summer climate, the relationship between the pollen species, morphology, habitat and environment conditions is discussed. The investigation is significant for reconstructing the palaeovege- tation, palaeoclimate and paleaoenvironment by utilizing the fossil spore-pollen assemblage.