黄河内蒙古段冰凌形成机理及凌汛成因分析研究

Analysis of Ice Slush Formation Mechanism and Ice Flood Causes of Yellow River in Inner Mongolia

本文着重分析研究黄河内蒙古段冰凌形成机理、冰情演变及凌汛成因。文中系统分析了黄河内蒙古段的冰情演变过程的四个时期,即由冰晶形成至产生大量冰凌的成冰期;由凌块封冻至盖面冰层增至最厚的结冰期;冰层开始融化至解冻前的融冰期和解冻开河至冰凌消失的消冰期。分析研究了影响凌汛成因的热力、动力和河势三大作用因素。使河水成冰又由冰融化成水的热量交换作用的因素,包括太阳辐射热、水温、气温、风、降水量、空气中的湿度;水位的抬升以至流速的变化等水流作用,均为动力因素;河道的特性影响为河势因素。通过分析研究,便于指导防凌实践,使防凌工作更加科学合理。

This paper analyzed the ice slush formation mechanism ,change process and ice flood cause of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia. The change process can be divided into four periods, i.e. ice crystal and large amount of ice slush formation period, ice frozen period, ice thawing period, and ice flooding period. The three main causes of ice flood, i.e. thermal factors, dynamic factors and river pattern, were also studied. The thermal factors include sun radiation, water temperature, air temperature, wind, precipitation, and air humidity. The dynamic factors consist of water level rising and flow velocity change. The river pattern includes all river features. The objective of this paper is to guide ice flood control and make flood control more reasonably and scientifically.