从消费的空间到空间的消费——明清城市中的茶馆

From Consumer Space to Consumption of Space:Urban Tea Houses During Ming and Qing Dynasties

明代中后期以降,茶馆等公共空间在城市中相当普遍,这种空间的盛行与它们的饮食性质相关,但这类空间的存在可能也巩固了茶等饮食在庶民生活中的地位。以开放空间的特性成为城市文化现象之一的茶馆的出现及普遍化,是非日常性生活范畴更进一步发展而"日常化"的结果。就整体社会生活的发展而言,茶馆之类空间消费的日渐频繁,也可以说是城市中公共空间日渐扩张的过程。这样一个社会性范畴的确立,本身就可以说是一种城市文化的创造,由此空间的开启而衍生出来的种种相关活动,又可说是城市文化发展的基础。

The development of tea houses in a city can be described as an expansion of individual activities and a development of space of social activities, and also as a marker for the development of the realm of public life. While the basic nature of these venues of consumption is to supplement ＂daily life＂, as the city develops commercially, the element of ＂relaxation and recreation＂ is more emphasized, and hence they become important places for social entertainment in the city.