水肥耦合对橡胶树产胶量的影响

Coupling effects of water and chemical fertilizers on Hevea brasiliensis latex yield.

水分和养分是限制橡胶树生长和产胶量的重要因子.以17年生的7-33-97橡胶树为试验材料,采用施氮量、灌水量、施磷量和施钾量四因素五水平(1/2实施)的二次回归通用旋转设计,通过田间小区试验,研究了不同水肥耦合水平对橡胶树产量和干胶含量的影响,并建立了橡胶树干胶产量的水肥回归数学模型.结果表明:不同水肥耦合水平对橡胶树橡胶产量和干胶含量都有显著影响;各因素对橡胶产量的效应顺序为:施氮量>灌水量>施磷量>施钾量;各因素间耦合效应顺序为:氮、水>氮、磷>磷、水>钾、水,且施钾量和土壤水分呈负交互效应;水肥调控的最佳组合为:尿素用量为476.39kg·hm-2,过磷酸钙用量为187.70kg·hm-2,氯化钾用量为225.77kg·hm-2,土壤相对含水量控制在82.78%左右.

Water and nutrient are the two main factors limiting Hevea brasiliensis growth and its latex yield. With 17 year-old Clone SCATC 7-33-97 H. brasiliensis as test material, the coupling effects of water and chemical N, P and K fertilizers on latex yield were studied by general orthogonal rotation design of quadratic regression with four factors and five levels under field condition, and a regressive mathematical model was set up based on the latex yield by quadratic regression analysis. The results showed that all test coupling levels of water and chemical fertilizers had significant effects on the latex yield. The yield-increasing effect of test factors was in the order of N application rate 〉 irrigation amount 〉 P application rate 〉 K application rate, while the coupling effect of water and chemical fertilizers was in the sequence of water and N 〉 N and P 〉 water and P 〉 water and K. There was a negative coupling effect of K application rate and soil moisture content. For latex yield, the optimum application rates of chemical fertilizers were 476.39 kg·hm^-2 of urea, 187.70 kg ·hm^-2 of superphosphate and 225.77 kg ·hm^-2 of potassium chloride, and the optimum irrigation amount was to have 82.78% soil relative water content.