不同灌溉方式对玉米根毛生长发育的影响

Effects of different irrigation patterns on the growth of maize root hair.

在盆栽条件下,采用分根装置,在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下对均匀灌水、固定部分根区灌水和根系分区交替灌水3种方式下各1/2根区的根毛发育状况进行观察并采样照相,研究不同根区根毛的生长发育特征.结果表明:处理40d时,固定部分根区灌水条件下,非灌水区的根毛有明显退化脱落现象,退化区所占比例为20.96%,明显大于其他根区;灌水区的根系发黄,有腐烂斑,且根分枝有退化现象,根毛密集区的密集程度不如非灌水区,但根毛退化区所占比例小(15.72%),退化程度轻.均匀灌水根系的根毛发育状况与固定灌水的灌水区类似.交替灌水条件下,先灌水区和后灌水区根毛密集区的密集程度均较高,根毛退化脱落区分别占9.77%和10.38%,明显小于均匀灌水和固定灌水.说明采用交替灌水方式可促进根系根毛的生长发育,而持续湿润或干燥不利于根系根毛的生长发育.

With split-root pot experiment and using optical and electrical microscopes, the growth of root hair of maize under different irrigation patterns, i. e. , irrigated on both halves of the pot （ conventional irrigation, CI）, on one half only （fixed partial root zone irrigation, FPRI）, and on both to some bletting spots, the root system in irrigated zone of FPRI turned yellow, root-branching deteriorated to some extent, and the root hair density on the section with thick root hairs was lower than that in non-irrigated zone. However, both the length proportion of mot covered by vestigial root hairs （ 15.72% ） and the deterioration of root hair were lower than those in non-irrigated zone. As for CI, the root appearance and root hair growth were similar to those of the FPRI irrigated zone. As for the early and late irrigated root zones of APRI, the root hair density on the section with thick root hairs was high. The length proportion of root covered by vestigial root hairs was 9. 77% and 10.38% for these two root zones, respectively, being lower than that in any root zones of FPRI and CI. It was suggested that alternative partial root zone irrigation was more beneficial to the growth of root hair than fixed partial root zone irrigation and conventional irrigation.