我国深水网箱养殖产业化发展存在的问题与基本对策

The existing problem and basic countermeasure in the industrialization development of deep-water net cage culture in China

深水网箱养殖在我国起步较晚。1998年海南省从国外引进了我国第一套深水网箱并进行了养殖生产,随后,深水网箱以其高效益、高性能在全国沿海省市引发了国产化研制的热潮。2001年,我国成功研制出第一套具有自主知识产权的“HDPE园形双浮升降式深水抗风浪网箱”,单位水体产鱼14kg。此后,据不完全统计,截止2004年底,全国有深水网箱达2300多只,养殖水体达299万m3,理论产量达49140t。随着深水网箱业的快速发展,带来的问题也逐渐显现,养殖系统一次性投资较大,产业配套不完善,包括深水网箱的配套设施、养殖技术与主养品种、养殖布局与养殖容量、饲料与病害防治、产品加工与流通等,直接制约了深水网箱的发展,结果是导致深水网箱养殖设施空置率偏高,达1/3强。解决深水网箱养殖产业化发展存在的问题,首先实施深水网箱高技术集成,完成养殖产业链(群)的连接,建立全新养殖模式,与渔业产业结构性调整的政策性衔接,是深水网箱产业化的重要研究课题。

Deep-water net cage culture stalted relatively late in China. The first set deep-water net cage was introduced from foreign by Hainan province in 1998. After the deep-water net cage culture, coastal provinces and cities took a great upsurge in deep-water net cage industrialization manufacture for its high benefit and well performance. The first set independent intellectual patent ＂HDPE circular double-float over and under type deep-water anti-storm net cage＂ was developed in 2001. Its fish yield reached 14 kg per m^3 water. According to inadequacy statistic, there were over 2 300 units deep-water net cages, 299 m^3 culture water body, 49 140 tons theoretic yield in China by the end of 2004. With the rapid development of deep-water net cage, the problem appeared gradually. The investment of the deep-water net cage culture system was big for the first time. The net cage industry didn＇t form a complete set perfectly. Such as auxiliary facility of deep-water net cage, culture technology and main culture breed, culture overall arrangement and culture capacity, feed and disease prevention and cure, product processing and circulation, and so on, restricted the development of deep-water net cage directly and induced the high vacancy rate of deep-water net cage culture facility which was up to more than 1/3. How to settle the existing problem of industrialization development of deep-water net cage？ Implement of the high technology integration of deep-water net cage, accomplishment of the culture industry chain link, establishment of the complete newly culture mode, linkage of the policy for fishery industry structure rectify are the important research items of the deep-water net cage industry.