福建沿海8种作业捕捞“综合能力”的比较研究

The comparison study on fishing integrative capacity of eight fishers in Fujian coastal waters

根据2000和2002年福建沿海捕捞生产调查资料，对8种作业不同功率级别渔船的捕捞“综合能力”进行比较分析。应用数据包络分析（DEA）法，采用实际产量与实际产值2个产出因子和技术、资金等多种要素投入进行计量。结果表明：福建沿海8种作业各功率级别渔船“能力利用度”的变化范围为58．4％-100％，平均85．7％。其中张网、笼壶、单船底拖网、流刺网和灯光围网作业对给出投入因子的利用率较高，其次是钓具和双船底拖网作业，最低为虾拖网作业。无偏“能力利用度”的变化范围为36．9％～100％，平均71．8％。其中灯光围网、张网和钓具作业渔船的“无偏能力利用度”较高，其次是流刺网和单船底拖网作业，较低是虾拖网和笼壶作业，最低为双船底拖网作业；在不改变现有投入配置情况下，单船底拖网、笼壶和张网作业依靠加强管理来提高捕捞能力比较有限，而虾拖网、流刺网、灯光围网、钓具和双船底拖网作业，通过加强管理则可使其捕捞能力得到不同程度的提高；可变投入对不同作业捕捞“综合能力”的发挥有较大制约作用，不变投入对不同作业捕捞“综合能力”的影响程度相对较小；当前福建沿海单位功率小于220kW的渔船及单位功率小于300kW的双船底拖网和灯光围网作业潜在的捕捞“综合能力”较大，应作为捕捞结构调整的重点对象；决策单元（DMU）的集合度越高，DEA法计量的“能力利用度”增大。反之，所得的“能力产量”和“能力产值”降低。

Based on the investigation data of fishing production in the coastal waters of Fujian in 2000 and 2002, eight fishers with varied power vessels have been studied in comparison. The study using DEA method and 2 output factors, which are actual catch value of input factors, and technology fund etc. to calculate their fishing integrative capacity. The results showed that the capacity utilization of different power vessels of 8 fishers varied from 58.4% to 100% with an average value of 85.7% , among them, the capacity utilization of set net, pot funnel, single trawler, drift gill net and light-purse seine with giving invested factors is higher, hook and line and pair trawler is second, and shrimp beam trawl is lowest. The no-deflection capacity utilization varied from 36. 9% to 100% with an average value of 71.8%, among them, its of light-purse seine, set net and hook and line is higher, drift gill net and single trawler is second, beam-shrimp net and pot fishing is lower, and pair trawler is lowest. If the equipment situation don＇t change, the fishing capacityof single trawler, pot and set net is finite improved which depends on strengthening management, however its of beam-shrimp net, drift gill net, light-purse seine, hook and line and pair trawler obtain a different extent improvement. Alterable input can restrict fishing integrative capacity of different fishery to exert, and influence of immutable input is relative lesser. Now, the potential integrative ca- pacity of fishing vessel less than 220 kW and the vessel of pair trawler and light-purse seine less than 300 kW is larger and must become main adjusted object of fishing structure. Aggregative degree of DMU is higher that capacity utilization calculating by using of DEA increases, otherwise the capacity catch and value decrease.