益生菌在凡纳滨对虾育苗中的应用

Effect of probiotics on breeding of Litopeuaeus vannamei

实验研究了在凡纳滨对虾育苗中添加益生菌(芽孢杆菌、光合细菌或芽孢杆菌+光合细菌)对水体中pH值、H2S、COD、NH+4N、NO-2N和幼体成活率的影响。结果表明:光合细菌对提高水体的pH值有一定作用,而芽孢杆菌对pH值无显著影响;益生菌能显著降低水体中的H2S、NH+4N和NO-2N含量,其中光合细菌去除H2S和NO-2N的效果略优于芽孢杆菌,而芽孢杆菌去除NH+4N的能力比光合细菌强;实验中COD均在较适宜范围,益生菌对COD无显著影响。5mg·L-1芽孢杆菌和1mg·L-1芽孢杆菌+10mg·L-1光合细菌能显著提高育苗成活率。在实验中,1mg·L-1芽孢杆菌+10mg·L-1光合细菌的综合效果最佳,芽孢杆菌和光合细菌具有协同作用。

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the supplement of probiotics （ Bacillus sp. , photosynthetic bacteria, and Bacillus sp. ＋photosynthetic bacteria） on pH, H2 S, chemical oxygen demand, ammonia-N, nitrate-N and survival rate in breeding of Litopenaeus vannamei. The results showed that photosynthetic bacteria had some effect on preventing low pH occur but Bacillus sp. did not show similar function; the concentration of H2 S, ammonia-N, or nitrate-N was significantly decreased by the supplement of probiotics. Photosynthetic bacteria eliminated H2S and nitrate more strongly while Bacillus sp. eliminated ammonia-N more effectively. However, the use of probioties had no obvious effect on COD, which concentrations were harmless to larvae in this experiment. The survival rate of larvae was significantly increased by the supplement of 5 mg·L^-1 of Bacillus sp. and 1 mg·L^-1 of Bacillus sp. together with 10 mg·L^-1 of photosynthetic bacteria. Considering the integrated effect on water quality and survival rate, we conclude that the optimum treatment was 1 mg·L^-1 of Bacillus sp. together with 10 mg·L^-1 of photosynthetic bacteria in this experiment. It seems that the effect can be enhanced by using Bacillus sp. and photosynthetic bacteria together.