20世纪80年代以来明清科举制度研究概述

A Review of the Studies on Imperial Examinations System during Ming and Qing Dynasties since 1980s

20世纪80年代以来，明清科举制度研究逐渐从感性批判走向理性思考，并注重为现实服务。80年代的科举制度研究多是制度自身内容的介绍考证，或限于状元等鼎甲人物一般描述，而与科举紧密相关的学校教育、区域研究等相对不足。理论方法比较单一；90年代中后期以来，研究理论和方法多元化，社会学、心理学、“中观史学”等理论方法则被逐渐应用。研究范围扩大，科举制度的运作和区域研究逐渐成为热点，边远地区的科举研究受到重视。研究者不但更加注重明清科举与传统政治文化的研究，而且更加注重与现实有关问题的研究。

The studies on imperial examinations system during Ming and Qing dynasties gradually take on a trend from perceptual criticism to rational consideration since 1980s and pay attention to serving the reality. During 1980s, the studies on them dealt mainly with the introduction of their contents or the description of Dingjia characters, lacking of their correlative schooling and area study. Moreover, the study methods are very single. Since 1990s, the study theory and methods have been becoming plural. Sociology,psychology and ＂Medium-range historiography ＂and some other methods have been applied,the study scope has been enlarged,the manipulation and area research and the imperial examinations system in outlying district have been becoming popular. Besides, researchers not only pay more attention to the relationship between imperial examinations system during Ming and Qing dynasties and traditional political culture, but also pay more attention to the study bearing on reality.