鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究进展

Advances in research on reproductive biology of Japanese eel(Anguilla japonica)

鳗鲡是优质养殖鱼类,但鳗鲡苗种完全依靠天然捕捞。近年来鳗鲡苗种的短缺限制了鳗鲡养殖业的进一步发展,开展鳗鲡人工繁殖技术研究势在必行。文章从鳗鲡的催熟与催产、产后鳗鲡的某些繁殖生物学以及鳗鲡胚胎和仔鱼发育等方面简要回顾了鳗鲡繁殖生物学的研究概况,并着重介绍了日本的最新研究进展,日本已将人工苗培育至20多厘米的成鱼,实现了实验室内鳗鲡由卵到成鱼的全人工养殖。文章最后指出人工育苗中存在的问题,并提出今后应从内因和外因两方面研究,才能真正实现鳗鲡苗种规模化生产。

Japanese eel （AnguiUa japonica） is one of the major species for freshwater cultivation in China, but all fries cultivated are wild elvers captured in estuaries. The shortage of fry has already limited the development of eel aquaculture. Research on the eel artificial propagation techniques must be carried out to satisfy the need of aquaculture. This paper briefly reviewed the advances of reproductive biology of the eel from several aspects, included： （a） artificial induction gonadal development and maturation and spawning; （b） some reproductive biology of post-ovulated eel; （c） the development of embryo and larva. And the latest advance in Japan was especially particularized. Japan has already reared the artificial larva to the adult eel with the body length of 20 cm, and realized the whole artificial culture from the eggs to the adult eels in the laboratory. At last, some questions existed in rearing fry were indicated, and further research must be considered both internal cause and external cause, then the fry and fingerling of the eel could be truly produced in a large scale.