大亚湾海域生态系统模型研究I:能量流动模型初探

Study on the ecosystem model of Daya Bay I. A preliminary approach on energy flow model

主要根据1984～1986年和1986～1987年在大亚湾进行的环境、资源和生态调查资料,应用EcopathwithEcosim（EwE）软件,构建大亚湾海域生态系统初步能量流动模型。文中根据大亚湾游泳动物的食物组成特点,把该海域生态系划分15个功能组,分别是海洋哺乳动物、肉食性鱼类、底栖捕食鱼类、滤食性鱼类、草食性鱼类、蟹类、虾类、头足类、底栖动物、水母、浮游动物、珊瑚、沉水植物、浮游植物和有机碎屑,功能组的划分基本能覆盖大亚湾海域生态系统的能量流动过程。经EwE软件模拟,结果表明：大亚湾海域生态系统的营养级范围为1～3.88级;各营养级的能量转换效率分别为7.2%,11.2%,8.7%,2.9%,可用构建金字塔形状来描述营养流动的转换效率;大亚湾生态系统的总能量传递效率为8·9%,略低于林德曼转换效率（10%左右）,可能是由于在该海域大量的沉水植物（马尾藻）未能被充分利用而腐烂所造成;在能量流动过程中,直接来源于碎屑的比例占总流量的48%,而直接来源于初级生产者的比例为52%。

Ecopath with Ecosim （EwE） is designed for straightforward construction, parameterization and analysis of mass-balance trophie models of aquatic ecosystems. Base on the data from environments, resources and ecology survey in Daya Bay during 1984 - 1986 and 1986 - 1987, the energy flow model of ecosystem in Daya Bay is constructed using the EwE package. According to the characteristic of the food composition of swimming animal in Daya Bay, the ecosystem comprised 15 function groups, which are marine mammals, carnivorous fish, benthic-feeding fish, zooplanktivorous, herbivorous fish, crabs, shrimps, cephalopods, zoobenthos, jelly- fish, zooplankton, corals, submerged plant, phytoplankton and detritus, respectively. And the function groups can cover the main trophie flow of the ecosystem in Daya Bay. The result shows that the trophie level of the function groups varied from 1.0 to 3.88. The transfer efficiencies for each trophic level are 7. 2%, 11.2%, 8.,7%, 2. 9%, respectively. The transfer efficiencies can be used for constructing a figure presenting the trophic flows in form of a pyramid. The total transfer efficiency of Daya Bay＇s ecosystem is 8.9%, less than that of Lindeman （about 10% ）, perhaps a lot of submerged plant （Sargassum） in Daya Bay can not be utilized fully, and decayed and broke down. In course of the energy flow, the proportion of total flow originating from detritus is 48%, and from primary producer is 52%.