论楚文化对巴文化的影响

Influence of Chu Culture on Ba Culture

楚、巴两国相邻,文化交流频繁,楚国逐渐占领了巴国今忠县以东的长江沿岸地盘,曾经设立巫郡和黔中郡,这些地区楚文化占绝对优势。由于楚人和巴人交错杂居,因此楚文化吸收了巴文化的釜、鼎及花边口沿装饰等因素,形成了颇具特色的"楚文化峡区类型"。楚文化的辐射范围很广,渝东地区和嘉陵江流域巴人遗存中普遍存在着楚文化因素,包括楚式青铜器、铁器和陶器等器物,从楚文化因素的分布范围、各种器物的种类和数量来看,到战国中期,楚文化对巴文化的影响处于鼎盛时期,到战国晚期,秦灭巴、蜀,楚人逐渐退出峡江地区,楚文化的影响日趋减弱。楚文化的西渐,客观上促进了巴人的生产发展和社会进步,加快了中华文明的一体化进程。

Two neighboring states, Chu and Ba, had a direct and frequent contact over time. However, in progressing of its power, Chu state was gradually took capture of some territories along the Changiiang Rive from Ba state, establishing new Wu prefecture and Qianzhong prefecture （today the east of Zhong county）. Mixture inhabitations of Chu and Ba people in these occupied territories created an unique cultural manifestation within Chu culture, named ＂Xiaqu Type＂reflecting some of Ba cultural elements being absorbed into Chu culture; such as object with flower-like mouth design. Of course, the influence of Chu culture was wider. A large number of archaeological remains affiliated with Chu Cultures were excavated from the east of Yu and Jialing River valleys, including Chu-stylistic bonze, iron, pottery and the likes. In views of the distributions of Chu cultural elements as well as quantities of Chu style burials and archaeological finding, it is suggested that the influence of Chu culture on Ba culture reached its peak by the middle of the Warring States period. After Qin State occupied Ba-Shu during the late of the Warring States period, Chu retreated from the Three Gorges （Xia-Jiang） area, thus its influence is weaken in this region. Historically, because of the western-forward of Chu culture, social-economic progress in Ba state regions advanced highly which become an integrated process of Chinese civilization formation at the time.