厚壳贻贝人工繁殖技术的研究

Study on artificial propagation of mussel Mytilus coruscus

厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)是我国贻贝的主要养殖品种,其苗种主要依靠天然苗种和半人工采苗获得。2006年浙江海洋学院于嵊泗县石柱育苗厂,首次突破了厚壳贻贝规模化全人工繁殖和稚贝海区中间培育技术。研究结果表明,厚壳贻贝亲贝通过室内强化培养,经人工催产可获得成熟受精卵,受精率可达95%。在水温16℃时,受精卵在受精后25min出现第一极体,受精后39h50min发育至直线绞合幼虫期,胚胎孵化率达92%,在水温15.8～21℃的条件下,经39d室内人工培育,获平均壳长0.694mm的附着稚贝1304.7×104ind;附着稚贝经102d海区中间培育,获平均壳长13.95mm的稚贝404.46×104ind,海区保苗成活率达31%。该研究结果为今后厚壳贻贝大规模苗种生产奠定了重要理论和技术基础。

Mytilus coruscus is one of the most important species of mussels cultured in China. To date, most of seedlings cultured are collected directly from nature. In 2006, artificial breeding and larval nursery techniques of M. coruscus were successfully accomplished for the first time in China by Zhejiang Ocean University in Shizhu Breeding and Propagation Farm in Shengsi County. Results showed that after intensive culture, the parental mussels can mature enough and produce normal sperm and eggs under artificial conditions. A 95% of the insemination rate could be obtained through artificial insemination. The first polar body appeared in 25 min after insemination under the temperature 16~C. After 39 hours and 50 minutes, the embryos developed successfully into the straight hinge stage with a hatching rate of 92%. After 39 days of intensive nursery, 13. 047 million mussel larvae settled with average shell length of 0. 69 mm under the temperature 15.8 -21 ℃. Then the mussel larvae were moved to open sea area. And 102 days later, 4. 045 million of mussel seedlings were obtained with average shell length of 13.95 mm. The survival rate was 31%. This technique would provide a basis for large scale production of artificial mussel seedlings in the future.