万家沟油松种子园遗传改良的研究

STUDY ON GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF WANJIAGOU SEED GARDEN OF PINUS TABULAEFORMIS

2001年～2004年,通过对万家沟油松种子园母树重要经济性状观测、子代苗期测定、RAPD分子标记实验以及数据多元统计分析,结果表明：种子园Ⅴ、Ⅵ两大区无性系间球果量、雄球花量存在显著差异,花粉量变异幅度较大,花期不同步性显著,子代苗期生长量差异极显著,基因位点S499-06、S3-07、S499-09、S35-02、S37-05与子代苗高、地径显著相关。根据花粉量等数量性状综合评价值、亲本一般配合力和RAPD技术实验特征带聚类,将园内95个无性系分为4类,1类、2类为优良无性系,是主要采种母树,3类是保留对象,也可适当疏伐,4类须淘汰。此外,对种子园应采取以下改良措施：去劣疏伐,增强母树营养空间和异交机率;加强水肥管理和病虫害防治;采取适当喷洒冷水等措施调整花期同步性;运用人工授粉增强种子杂和性。

From 2001 to 2004, the important characters of mother tree and their progeny in Wanjiagou seeds garden of Pinus tabulaeformis had been observed and investigation. According to multivariate statistical and RAPD markers experiment, the results shows that the quantity of cones and male flowers between clones in Ⅴand Ⅵsection is distinctly different. The range of farina quantity variability is wild. Blooming date of clones can not completely encounter. The growth of progeny seedling is very distinct different. Loci S499 - 06, S3-07, S499-09, S35-02, S37-05 are related with quantitative traits, such as height and diameter of progeny. According to estimate of quantity traits, parents＇GCA and RAPD markers clustering analysis, 95 clones have been divided into 4 categories, first and second types are superior clones, and they are mainly parent＇s trees of seed garden. Third types is reservations, but also be appropriately thin cut, Fourth types should be eliminated. We should strengthen the management and pest control of seed garden, and artificial pollination to enhance the heterozygosis of seed.