小剂量X射线对放射工作人员健康影响的研究

The Prospective Study of the Effect of the Low-dosage Radiation on the Health of the Staff Members

目的探讨长期小剂量X射线对放射工作人员健康影响及内在相关因素,为制定合理的防护措施提供科学依据。方法应用前瞻性流行病学研究方法,对接触X射线的放射工作人员进行为期15年的动态观察研究,分析内在变化及影响因素,同时选取非接触X射线的人群进行对照。结果医用X射线工作人员神经衰弱征候群、眼晶体、手部皮肤、指甲损伤发生率明显高于对照组人群。白细胞、红细胞、血小板、免疫功能、微核、染色体裂变等客观指标阳性率放射组与对照组有不同程度的差异。结论长期小剂量X射线照射对放射工作人员可引起机体多方面变化,加强放射防护,定期进行健康监护,落实国家有关法律法规对保证放射工作人员健康与安全尤为重要。

Objective To study the effect of the long term low - dosage radiation on the health of the staff members in order to provide a scientific basis for the rational protective measures to be taken. Methods Dynamic observations were made for 15 years of the conditions of the staff members exposed to radiation. The inherent changes and the affecting factors were analyzed. Group of people free from radiation were chosen to the control group. Results Sighs of nervous breakdown, damages of the eye crystal, hand skin and nails are much more frequently seen among medical radiation workers than these in the control group. There are differences between radiation workers and the control in the positive rates of the objective indices such as leukocytes, e^hrocytes,blood platelets ,immune functions,the minute nuclei and the Chromosome fission. Conclusion Persistent low - dose radiation can cause damages to the health of radiation workers in many respects , Measures of radiation protection and persistant health monitoring should be taken. Thisis of great importance in implementing the state＇ s relative laws and regulations to protect the health of the radiation workers.