不适当筑堤围垸对洞庭湖区环境的影响

Adverse effects of improper embankment construction to environment in Dongting Lake Area

洞庭湖区堤防是湖区人民为了拓展生存空间与水争地而采取的一种工程建筑措施。它在为湖区人民增加土地资源的同时,也带来了一系列的环境问题。在1949年至1985年期间,由于人口迅速增长,土地不够用,在国家政策的鼓励下,人们开始在洞庭湖区盲目地开发湿地,大量修筑堤防、围湖造田,使人类赖以生存和持续发展的环境基础遭到破坏,造成严重后果。文章通过大量资料,对洞庭湖区自1949年以来大规模的修筑堤防后,几十年间产生的泥沙淤积变化情况、汛期洪水位变化情况、湖域面积及湖容积的变化、湖泊调蓄功能的变化情况、洪涝灾害发生频率及灾情损失情况、环境地质灾害隐患增加情况等进行了统计分析,从环境地质的角度论述了因不适当的修筑堤防对洞庭湖区环境产生的负面影响。

Embankment in Dongting lake area is an engineering construction measure, by which the people living in there can enlarge their living space. However, it brings a series of environmental problem. During the period of 1949- 1985, because of the population increases and the land shortage, under the encouragement of national policy, people started to develop everglade, construct a great deal of embankments, round lake to build farmlands, which damaged the environment and brought a serious result. Through a plenty of data in Dongting area from the year of 1949, the paper analyses many variety circumstances induced by embankment construction, including the change of bed load deposition, the water line in flood season, lake area and capacity, lake adjusting function, the occurrence rate of flood disaster and so on, discusses the negative effect to Dongting area for the unreasonable embankment constructs from environment geology side.