从《廿一史弹词》看杨慎对史传文学叙事传统的吸纳与重构

On Yang-shen's Summarizing Narrative Form in "The Story-Telling of History of 21 Kindoms"

《廿一史弹词》是明代积学之士杨慎谪戍滇南时创作的一部雅俗共赏的通俗历史读物,其主要叙事优势在于对纷繁芜杂的历史事实采取"提要构元"的叙事策略。一方面,充分吸纳、合理继承史传文学叙事传统:采用"以年月为经,以事实为纬"编年体结构方式,评鸷历史事实多取正统史家观点,援引历代史书相关文献作为弹词内容;另一方面,结合弹词这种新兴艺术形式对其进行不同程度的嫁接与重构:或模仿史传论赞的体例,在开篇和篇末以引词、散场词或诗曰等形式对历史事实进行主观评价,或摆脱史传叙事语言庄重典雅的风格,语言表现趋向浅俗易懂。

＂The Story - Telling of History of 21 Kindoms＂ by Yang - sben during the period of his relegation is a popular historical book for entertainment. The obvious narrative superiority mainly lies in the summarizing narrative form for the complex historical stories. On the one hand, the tradition superiority of history and biography literature has been absorbed, such as the construction form of annalistic style, the view - points of tradition history and so on, on the other hand, the tradition superiority of history and biography literature also has been reformed because of the special construction of story - telling. There are some subjective appraisal to the historical fact in the introduction or conclusion of the article, just as the history and biography literature, the narrative language also becomes popular easy to understand.