大学新生网络成瘾倾向与心理健康状况的关系

The relationship between internet addiction tendency and psychological health status of freshmen

目的了解目前有网络成瘾倾向大学新生的心理健康状况以及人格特质，探讨影响网络成瘾倾向的相关因素，为预防和早期干预网络成瘾行为提供理论依据。方法采用台湾陈淑惠编制的中文网络成瘾问卷修订版（CIAS—R）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）以及症状自评量表（SCL-90），对南京某大学904名新生进行问卷调查。结果根据CIAS—R量表判断标准，其中27人（3．7％）被定义为网络成瘾倾向高的学生，称为高危险组，其他则为对照组。男生在CIAS—R量表上的得分[（35．3±9．7）分比女生（31．4±7．0）分]要高，并且差异有显著性（χ^2=74．649；P〈0．01）；高危险组在SAS、SDS、SCL-90上的得分[（47．4±9．8）分，（48．4±12．1）分，（184．8±72．5）分]与对照组得分[（40．1±6．7）分，（42．5±9．9）分，（133．0±34．2）分]差异有显著性（χ^2=-3．881，P〈0．01；χ^2=-2．471，P〈0．05；χ^2=-3．850，P〈0．01）；CIAS—R量表与其他几个量表的相关系数均差异有显著性；影响CIAS—R量表得分的主要因素是SAS总分（t=3．699，P〈0．01）、SDS总分（t=2．356，P〈0．05）、强迫因子（t=2．023，P〈0．05）、焦虑因子（t=2．046，P〈0．05）和敌对因子（t=2．669，P〈0．01），回归系数分别为0．181，-0．113，0．196，-0．187，0．161。结论男生比女生更容易有网络成瘾倾向；高危险组学生存在更多的心理症状，焦虑、抑郁、心理健康状况的所有因子症状均比对照组严重；大学生网络成瘾倾向受到众多心理健康因素的影响。

Objective To investigate the differences between students with high internet addiction tendency and common students, and focused specifically on their psychological health status and the personality characteristic and explored the related factors which have effects on internet addiction tendency. Methods A total of 739 valid data samples of freshmen were collected. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale（SAS） and the Self-rating Depression Scale（SDS） were used to investigate the personality of the students, while the Self-report Symptom Inventory （SCL-90） was used to measure the psychological health status. Results Among this sample, 27 subjects （3.7%） were identified as students with high internet addiction tendency using the Chinese Internet Addiction Scale（CIAS-R） designed by Professor Chen. The analytical results revealed that males got markedly higher scores （ 35.3 ± 9.7 ） than females （ 31.4 ± 7.0 ; χ^2 = 74. 649, P〈 0.01 ） ; furthermore, students with high internet addiction tendency obtained significantly higher SAS, SDS and SCL-90 scores [ （47.4 ± 9.8 ）, （48.4 ± 12.1 ）, （ 184.8 ±72.5）] than common students [（40.1±6.7）,（42.5±9.9）,（133.0±34.2）; χ^2 = -3.881,P〈0.001; χ^2 = -2. 471, P〈0.05; χ^2 = -3. 850, P〈0.01 ] ; the scale of CIAS-R and the other scales had significant correlation. The regression analysis showed that the anxiety scores （ t = 3. 699, P 〈 0.01 ） , depression scores （ t = 2. 356, P 〈 0.05 ）, compulsion factor（ t = 2.023, P 〈 0.05 ）, anxiety factor （ t = 2. 046, P 〈 0.05 ） and the hostility factor （t =2. 669, P〈0.01 ） could effect the internet addiction scores significantly and the regression coefficient were 0. 181, -0. 113,0. 196, -0. 187,0. 161 separately. Conclusions Males were more prone to have internet addiction tendency; the students with high internet addiction had more psychological symptom. Students with personalities characterized by anxiety,depression,compulsion and hostility had a high tendency to become addicted.