岩土锚固工程的长期性能与安全评价

LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF ANCHORAGE IN GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

岩土锚固在我国土木、水利和建筑工程中已得到广泛应用,其成效显著。岩土锚固的长期性能与安全评价是当前岩土工程界普遍关注的一个热点问题,也是影响岩土锚固工程安全性的一个关键问题。对国内外重力坝、边坡、地下洞室、码头、干船坞、结构抗浮与基坑等17项岩土锚固工程长期性能的分析研究后指出:锚杆设计具有足够的安全富裕度,对锚杆结构整个长度实施完善的防腐保护,采用和发展具有良好化学与力学稳定性的锚杆技术,认真履行高标准的锚杆验收试验和建立完整的岩土锚固工程长期监测与维护管理体系是提高岩土锚固长期性能的主要途径和有效方法。初步建立了岩土锚固工程安全评价模式,还论述了锚固工程危险源的辨认方法,锚杆长期性能的监测与检测,岩土锚固安全工作临界指标以及岩土锚固病害的处治方法。

The ground anchorages have been widely used and significant achievements have been achieved in the civil engineering, hydraulic engineering and construction engineering in China. The long-term performance and safety assessment issues of the ground anchorages are widely focused, which are the key issues influencing the safety of ground anchorages. According to the research and analysis of long-term performance of seventeen domestic and international ground anchorage projects such as gravity dam, slope, underground opening, dock, shipyard, structure against floatation and foundation pit, the measures and means improving long-term performance of the ground anchorage are taken as follows： （1） allowable factor of safety for the design of ground anchor; （2） anticorrosion protection of the whole length of ground anchor; （3） research and development of new anchor system with mechanical and chemical stability; （4） strictly carrying out the acceptance test with the related code; and （5） setting perfect long-term monitoring and maintenance of ground anchor engineering systems. The safety assessment model is initially constructed; and the identification of potential dangerous sources, the long-term performance of monitoring and detection, the critical indices of safety and failure, and treatment methods for ground anchorages, are all described.