弹体侵彻岩体效应试验与理论研究

EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL STUDIES OF PROJECTILE PENETRATING ROCKS

研究弹体在现场岩体中的侵彻效应对地下防护工程建设和武器战斗部设计都具有重要的现实意义,对弹体过载特性研究,不仅对钻地武器战斗部设计尤为重要,而且对全面认识侵彻过程中弹体的运动规律和与岩体的相互作用规律都有很大帮助。为了研究弹体侵彻岩体过程中的过载特性,开展了φ100 mm和φ300 mm弹的侵彻岩体试验,试验中测量得到的弹体过载曲线表明,在侵彻岩体过程中,弹体过载可以分为3个阶段:过载迅速增大阶段、过载稳定并缓慢减小阶段和过载迅速减小阶段。弹体侵彻岩体过程中在侵彻深度达到4倍的弹体半径时,受到的过载最大;弹体在侵彻过程中由于受到应力波的作用,弹体头部处的岩体受到损伤使其阻滞弹体侵彻的能力下降。根据所获得的试验结果并结合国外试验数据,提出一个新的岩体侵彻深度计算公式。计算结果表明,在一定范围内该公式的计算精度不低于著名的Young公式。针对试验结果,采用数值计算方法进行了模拟,计算结果与试验结果基本一致。

The penetration effects of projectiles impacting rocks are of great significance in the underground protective engineering and the weapon warhead designs. Especially, issue of the overload of the projectiles is more essential as the key technology for the warhead designs, but also great help to make a clear definition of the motion laws of the projectile and the interactions between projectiles and the rock targets. In order to study the overload characteristics of projectiles penetrating rocks, rock-penetrating experiments were carried out using projectiles with diameters φ100 mm and φ300 mm, respectively. The overload versus time curve was recorded by means of an overload measurement system. Based on the overload curves, the projectiles＇ overload can be divided into three phases： the overload of rapid increasing as the contact area increases： the overload reducing slowly after the nose enters the targets： and the overload reducing rapidly to zero when the projectile＇s energy is almost used up From the achieved overload curves, it can be obtained that the projectiles have the peak overloads when the penetration depths come up to two times the diameter of projectile. The rocks around the projectile＇s nose are damaged due to the stress wave of penetration, and then, the targets have less ability to prevent the projectiles＇ motion. On the basis of the experimental results, a new formula of penetration depth has been presented here with reference to experimental data of other tests. The precision is not lower within certain range in comparison with the widely accepted Young＇s formula. Numerical simulation is in good agreement with the experimental results.