叙事自我:特质与情境的整合

Narrative Self and the Trait-Situation Controversy

特质与情境之争与自我观密切相关。传统心理学假定自我是作为精神实体而存在的,则行为是由特质决定的;社会建构论认为自我是我们在与他人的关系中通过语言建构而成的,则行为由情境决定。叙事心理学认为生活故事形成并建构了一个人的自我与人格,故事为一个人的自我提供了特质与情境的统一。叙事心理学将叙事思维引入心理学,用生活故事架起了一座连接特质与自我的桥梁。

The trait--situation controversy correlates to the view of self. The traditional psychology presumes that ＂self＂ exists as a spiritual substantiality,then a behavior is decided by trait. According to the social constructivism, self is socially constructed through language in the relationship between us and others, changing and multipling, then behavior is decided by situation. Narrative psychology suggested that the stories of life shape and construct the narrator＇s self and personality. Stories provide integration of trait and situation. Narrative psychology introduces the concept of narrative thinking to psychology research. The stories of life build a bridge between trait and self.