范畴三段论推理的表征与影响因素研究

An Experimental Study on the Representation and Influencing Factors of Categorical Syllogism Reasoning

采用纸笔测验法对大学生如何进行范畴三段论推理进行了初步探讨。被试为123名大学生。研究发现:(1)人们在范畴三段论推理中一般有图形(像)的参与,且明晰的图形提示有助于推理成绩的提高;(2)影响范畴三段论推理的因素主要有前提能够建构的模型的数目、前提的内容、前提的格(格效应)和推理者自身(文理科、知识背景等)因素。具体而言,图示只对纯符号推理题有提高作用,理科学生只在文字内容推理题上显著高于文科学生;(3)对前提的不完全解释是产生推理错误的重要原因之一。

This paper probed into how people did categorical syllogism reaching by using paper-pencil test. The research was administered to 123 freshmen. The results showed that （1）People preferred to use some figures during the categorical syllogism reasoning process and clear figures were helpful to improving reasoning performances; （2）Some main factors affected categorical syllogism reasoning： the number of the models which the premises could construct, the contents of the premises, the figures of syllogism （effects of the figures） and the subjects themselves（major and background knowledge）. To be specific, figures only had suggestive effects for pure symbol reasoning tests; students majoring in science did better than majoring in liberal arts. （3） An incomplete explanation of the premises was the major cause for incorrect reasoning .