儿童对愿望-规则冲突情境下他人情绪的理解

Children's Understanding of Other People's Emotions in DesiresConflicting-with-Prohibitive-Rules Situations

用设置故事情境的方法研究了儿童对愿望-规则冲突情境下他人情绪的理解。结果表明,在愿望和规则冲突情境故事条件下,随着年龄的增长,儿童更多地作出对他人的愿望和情绪不匹配的情绪预测,7岁儿童已达到成人水平;7岁相对于4、5、6岁儿童更多地提供混合情绪预测。随着年龄的增长,儿童越来越能认识到规则、预期的结果对他人情绪的影响。规则的来源影响儿童对他人情绪的理解,相对于内部规则,4、5岁儿童更多地将消极情绪归于违背外部规则的人,7岁和成人更多地将消极情绪归于遵守外部规则的人。

By presenting stories, this research investigated 4- through 7-year-old children＇ s understanding of emotions of other persons in situations where people＇ s desires conflict with prohibitive rules. The results revealed that the rates of desire-emotion mismatch predictions that children provided increased with age, and 7-year-old children had reached the level of emotion understanding of adults, and 7-year-old children provided more mixed emotion predictions than 4- and 5- and 6-year-old children. The results also showed that children growingly realized how rules and future consequences influenced emotions with their increase of age. The source of rules influenced their understanding of other people＇s emotions. 4- and 5-year-old children attributed negative emotions more often to those who disobey external rules than those who disobey internal rules, and 7-year-old children and adults attributed negative emotions more often to those who obey external rules than those who obey internal rules.